'TN inhabited
by people dissimilar to Tamils in pre-historic times'
Chandigarh
(PTI): The south east coast of Tamil Nadu was inhabited in pre-historic
times mainly by Caucasoids, Mongoloids, Negroids and Australoids
rather than people similar to contemporary Tamils, a dental anthropological
study has found.
A
team of anthropologists came to the finding after studying more
than 1,000 teeth from Adichanallur's pre-historic harbour site
on the south-east coast of Tamil Nadu that dates back to 2,500
BC.
"Most
of the teeth belonged to people of the four races and very few
represented contemporary Tamil populations," a member of
the study team Dr. P. Raghavan of the School of Archaeology and
Anthropology, Australian National University at Canberra told
PTI here on Sunday.
Optical
microscope techniques were employed to study the teeth, which
have shown the various growth stages, ageing and wearing processes,
racial and ethnic and geographical affinities, dietary patterns,
jaw mechanism, constitutional abnormalities of the jaws, pathological
problems including the infections and inherited diseases, Dr.
Raghavan said.
The
other members of the study team were Dr. Gayatri Pathmanathan
from the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh
and Dr T. Satyamurthy, Director, Academy of Archaeological Sciences
of Ancient India, Chennai.
"Our
study will be presented at an International Ancient Tamil Archaeological
Research Conference to be held at Chennai from March 4-6,"
Dr. Raghavan told PTI.
Throwing
more light on their study, Dr. Raghavan said that considerable
number of cheek teeth or molars were found in different stages
of tooth wear.
"In
many cases, unequal tooth wear was observed on the left and right
sides. Consuming hard food grains like pulses and nuts were the
probable reasons for quick and heavy wearing along with the age
factor," he said.
Many
pathological conditions were observed on the jaws and teeth. "Some
were genetically controlled while others resulted from malnutrition
including lack of vitamins and essential minerals. No deficiency
cases were reported due to lack of iron or calcium," Dr.
Raghavan said.
Many
cases, particularly relating to Negroid and Australoid skulls
showed the mechanical removal of the upper central incisors by
application of high force.
"Even
today, such cultural practice can be seen among certain tribes
of Africa and Australian Aborigines," he said.
According
to Raghavan, the recovered skeletons showed many striking pathological
and structural abnormalities, which were caused by a number of
genetic variations, nutritional factors and bio-cultural alterations.
"A
large number of tumorous growths, sexually transmitted diseases
and epidemic diseases including infectious diseases, age and work-related
sicknesses particularly on bones were also identified," he
said.
Raghavan
also said that observations on cranial fractures and crushing
injuries on the recovered crania were caused by a number of lethal
weapons used at that time.
"On
the basis of the nature of injuries, they were divided into sharp-edged
incisions caused by metal/flint axes, penetrating wounds created
by pointed weapons, linear fractures on the skulls which reflect
the application of blunt and small weapons and gross crushing
injuries caused by use of large stones and clubs," he said.